Feedback Method Research Articles

Direct torque control for PMSM based on the RBFNN surrogate model of electromagnetic torque and stator flux linkage

Direct Torque Control (DTC) is widely used in motion control of motors. Classical DTC utilizes the Park transformation(dq-model) or observer to estimate the stator fluxlinkage and electromagnetic torque. However, the dq-model and observer lack descriptions of the cogging torque and magnetic saturation in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). This paper proposes a novel method based on the surrogate model to estimate stator fluxlinkage and torque for PMSM DTC. First, a finite element model (FEM) was established based on the parameters of PMSM. Using the FEM and Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), a surrogate model for estimating the stator fluxlinkage and torque of PMSM was constructed. The stator fluxlinkage and torque surrogate model, active flux observer, and dq current model under different control methods are constructed, respectively. The servo control parameters were tuned using the extended symmetric optimum algorithm, and simulation and experiments were conducted. Finally, electromechanical coupling models with a ball screw feed system were built based on various control and feedback methods. Simulation and experiment results indicate that the surrogate model reduces torque ripple, stator fluxlinkage offset, and feed system tracking error.

Dynamic error prediction and link strain feedback control for a novel heavy load multi-DOF envelope forming machine

Thin walled and high rib components (TWHRC) are widely used for rocket cabins, aircraft wings, panels and frames in aerospace equipment as critical load bearing structures. This paper is aimed to develop a novel multi-DOF envelope forming machine (MEFM) with parallel kinematic mechanism (PKM) to realize efficient manufacturing of TWHRC with high performance. Since the heavy load MEFM with PKM has many total differences with the light load PKM, such as dynamic error and precision control, this paper conducts research on dynamic error prediction modelling and precision control method for this novel heavy load MEFM.Firstly, the configuration of MEFM is developed and the kinematic model of MEFM is established. Then, a RFC (rigid-flexible coupling) and RFE (rigid finite element) coupling dynamic model of MEFM is established considering time-variation of kinematic configuration caused by large deformation of all the kinematic elements. Based on the dynamic model, the dynamic deformation and error of MEFM are predicted and their generation mechanisms are revealed. It is found that the linear compression deformation of two-force links is the largest among all the kinematic elements, and it is the most sensitive to the heavy forming load and the most insensitive to the installation error of strain gauges, thus suiting for the feedback of large deformation of MEFM. Based on the above findings, a novel link strain feedback and dynamic error compensation control method is proposed. Finally, experiments under different control methods are conducted, showing that the motion precision of envelope tool and forming precision of formed components under the proposed control method are remarkably improved compared with that under the traditional control method (The geometric deviation of formed components under the proposed control method is remarkably reduced to −18 ∼ 32um from −64 ∼ 54um under the traditional control method). The experimental results verify that the proposed dynamic error prediction model and link strain feedback control method for heavy load MEFM are reasonable.

An evaluation of consumer smartphones for generating bolus and surface mould applicators for radiation oncology.

The use of Computed Tomography (CT) imaging data to create 3D printable patient-specific devices for radiation oncology purposes is already well established in the literature and has shown to have superior conformity than conventional methods. Using non-ionizing radiation imaging techniques such as photogrammetry or laser scanners in-lieu of a CT scanner presents many desirable benefits including reduced imaging dose and fabrication of the device can be completed prior to simulation. With recent advancements in smartphone-based technology, photographic and LiDAR-based technologies are more readily available than ever before and to a high level of quality. As a result, these non-ionizing radiation imaging methods are now able to generate patient-specific devices that can be acceptable for clinical use. In this work, we aim to determine if smartphones can be used by radiation oncologists or other radiation oncology staff to generate bolus or brachytherapy surface moulds instead of conventional CT with equivalent or comparable accuracy. This work involved two separate studies: a phantom and participant study. For the phantom study, a RANDO anthropomorphic phantom (limited to the nose region) was used to generate 3D models based on three different imaging techniques: conventional CT, photogrammetry & LiDAR which were both acquired on a smartphone. Virtual boliwere designed in Blender and 3D printed from PLA plastic material. Theconformity of each printed boli was assessed by measuring the air gap volume and approximate thickness between the phantom & bolus acquired together on a CT. For the participant study, photographs, and a LiDAR scan of four volunteers were captured using an iPhone 13 Pro™ to assess their feasibility for generating human models. Each virtual 3D model was visually assessed to identify any issues in their reconstruction. The LiDAR models wereregistered to the photogrammetry models where a distance to agreement analysis was performed to assess their level of similarity.Additionally, a 3D virtual bolus was designed and printed using ABS material from all models to assess their conformity onto the participants skin surface using a verbal feedback method. The photogrammetry derived bolus showed comparable conformity to the CT derived bolus while the LiDAR derived bolus showed poorer conformity as shown by their respective air gap volume and thickness measurements. The reconstruction quality of both the photogrammetry and LiDAR models of the volunteers was inadequate in regions of facial hair and occlusion, which may lead to clinically unacceptable patient-specific device that are created from these areas. All participants found the photogrammetry 3D printed bolus to conform to their nose region with minimal room to move while three of the four participants found the LiDAR was acceptable and could be positioned comfortably over their entire nose. Smartphone-based photogrammetry and LiDAR software show great potential for future use in generating 3D reference models for radiation oncology purposes. Further investigations into whether they can be used to fabricate clinically acceptable patient-specific devices on a larger and more diverse cohort of participants and anatomical locations is required for a thorough validation of their clinical usefulness.

Accessibility and Effectiveness of Online Learning in China's Vocational Education System: A Comparative Study between Urban and Rural Areas

The rapid expansion of online learning in China has revealed significant disparities between rural and urban vocational students, necessitating a thorough investigation. This study explores the accessibility and effectiveness of online education in both urban and rural settings, focusing on key dimensions like internet availability, device readiness, digital literacy, infrastructure support, LMS adoption, feedback methods, student engagement, and satisfaction. Data was collected from 314 participants, and statistical techniques including the Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson correlation were employed for analysis. The study delved into six crucial areas related to online learning accessibility and academic performance, utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to understand complex interrelationships among variables. The findings indicated that rural students consistently scored lower in all aspects of online learning accessibility (p < 0.01) compared to urban counterparts. Moreover, rural vocational learners exhibited lower engagement and satisfaction levels in online education, resulting in lower academic achievement than their urban peers. The strong correlations among these parameters highlight the need for integrated interventions to bridge the digital divide. In conclusion, this study underscores the urgency of targeted interventions to address the digital divide between urban and rural areas in China.

Acoustic and Articulatory Visual Feedback in Classroom L2 Vowel Remediation.

This paper presents L2 vowel remediation in a classroom setting via two real-time visual feedback methods: articulatory ultrasound tongue imaging, which shows tongue shape and position, and a newly developed acoustic formant analyzer, which visualizes a point correlating with the combined effect of tongue position and lip rounding in a vowel quadrilateral. Ten Czech students of the Swedish language participated in the study. Swedish vowel production is difficult for Czech speakers since the languages differ significantly in their vowel systems. The students selected the vowel targets on their own and practiced in two classroom groups, with six students receiving two ultrasound training lessons, followed by one acoustic, and four students receiving two acoustic lessons, followed by one ultrasound. Audio data were collected pre-training, after the two sessions employing the first visual feedback method, and at post-training, allowing measuring Euclidean distance among selected groups of vowels and observing the direction of change within the vowel quadrilateral as a result of practice. Perception tests were performed before and after training, revealing that most learners perceived selected vowels correctly already before the practice. The study showed that both feedback methods can be successfully applied to L2 classroom learning, and both lead to the improvement in the pronunciation of the selected vowels, as well as the Swedish vowel set as a whole. However, ultrasound tongue imaging seems to have an advantage as it resulted in a greater number of improved targets.

Post-Exam Wrappers: A Tool for Critical Reflection.

Post-exam review sessions that reveal a completed exam to students can be time-consuming and ineffective. Additionally, the review may jeopardize exam integrity by exposing the individual items. To promote critical reflection, an exam wrapper, without the return of a completed exam, was implemented. Students were encouraged to take deeper ownership of learning and be active in the process of exam review. Most students strongly agreed or agreed that they adjusted their study strategies based on their self-reflection (68.5%) or on the instructor feedback (66.7%) provided through the wrapper. All faculty stated the process of using wrappers was much more or more valuable and efficient, compared to prior post-exam feedback methods. Using an exam wrapper as a stand-alone, post-exam debrief, students assume a more proactive role by reflecting on individual exam preparation and learning strategies without the return of a completed exam. [J Nurs Educ. 2024;63(X):XXX-XXX.].

Multidimensional System Feedback Method in College Tennis Teaching Program Design and Application Principles

Multidimensional System Feedback Method in College Tennis Teaching Program Design and Application Principles

A Comparison of the Immediate Effects of Verbal and Virtual Reality Feedback on Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Different types of feedback are used during gait training in children with cerebral palsy (CP), including verbal (VB) and virtual reality (VR) feedback. Previous studies on VR feedback showed positive effects on the targeted gait parameter. However, both positive and negative side effects on other parameters were seen as well. The literature on the effect of VB feedback is lacking and, to our knowledge, both feedback methods have not yet been compared. In this monocentric study with a single-session intervention protocol, children with CP completed a training session on the Gait Real-Time Analysis Interactive Lab (GRAIL) and received both VB and VR feedback on hip extension, in randomized order. Outcome parameters were continuous gait curves of sagittal kinematics and hip kinetics, specific features of hip angle and moment, sagittal gait variable scores and gait profile scores. Improvement of the targeted gait parameter was seen both after VB and VR feedback, with a small advantage for VR over VB feedback. Furthermore, positive side effects on knee and ankle sagittal kinematics were seen. However, the overall gait profile score did not improve, most likely due to negative compensatory strategies. In conclusion, children with CP can adapt gait in response to both VB and VR feedback, with VR feedback producing a slightly better effect. Due to secondary effects on parameters other than the targeted parameter, the overall gait did not improve.

Assessing children's outdoor thermal comfort with facial expression recognition: An efficient approach using machine learning

In this study, children's physiological indices and facial expressions during activities with distinct intensities in outdoor open spaces were real-timely measured. Correspondingly, meteorological measurements and questionnaire surveys were conducted to explore change laws of children's physiological feedback, facial expressions, and subjective perception. Then, a predictive model of children's outdoor thermal sensations was built with the coupling relations of physiological indices and facial expressions. Results showed that the skin temperature on the face tended to increase as thermal stress increased but gradually declined with increasing activity intensity. Mean ear skin temperature (Tear) was the most sensitive, followed by mean cheek temperature (Tcheek). When conducting moderate and vigorous intensity activities, the heart rate (HR) increased significantly within 5 min of exercise and then stabilized. The HR increase in vigorous intensity activities was greater than that during moderate intensity activities. With an increase in thermal stress and activity intensity, the proportion of negative emotions (NegEmo) in facial expressions gradually increased. Sadness and disgust expressions both increased significantly, followed by fear and anger. Thus, Tear and NegEmo expressed facially were important indices to predict children's outdoor thermal sensation. Finally, the predictive model for children's outdoor thermal sensation based on facial expressions, Tear, and HR allowed for non-invasive data collection was built integrating machine learning, and its accuracy reached as high as 97.1 %. Our results propose a faster feedback method for children's thermal perception based on facial expression recognition, which can real-timely monitor thermal comfort for children, ensuring their outdoor thermal health and safety.

LCL-T Module Reduction of Offshore Photovoltaic Power Generation System Based on Current Feedback-routh Approximation Method

The rapid development of offshore photovoltaic power generation has attracted more and more attention. Aiming at the problem of poor output power quality caused by the randomness and intermittentness of offshore photovoltaic power generation, LCL filters and isolation transformers are widely used on the AC side of photovoltaic power generation systems to improve the power quality of Grid-connected. Although this method has a good suppression effect on harmonics and DC components, its higher order will result in a larger amount of calculation, especially in the simulation of large-scale photovoltaic grid-connected systems, the operating speed will be too slow. In order to increase the simulation rate while ensuring the quality of the output power, the high order LCL-T (LCL filter and isolation transformer) module of the photovoltaic power generation system is reduced in order. When the transformer is not saturated, the LCL-T module reduction method based on the weighted current feedback method is adopted, and the purpose of simplification is achieved through the zero-pole cancellation of the transfer function; When the transformer is saturated, the LCL-T module reduction method based on the Routh approximation method is adopted, Use advanced mathematics formulas to reduce the order of high-order system equivalent processing. The PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software verifies the off-grid characteristics and simulation rate of the reduced-order model.

The effectiveness of automated writing evaluation: a structural analysis approach

Modern advancement in learning technologies and tools has presented innovative written corrective feedback (WCF) methods based on artificial intelligence (AI) and existing corpora. Research has shown that these tools are perceived as exciting and useful by students, yet studies on their effectiveness and impact on students’ writing are relatively insufficient. To this end, the present study investigated the effectiveness of Grammarly writing assistant as perceived by 98 undergraduates who used the tool for a 14-week semester. The study adopted a questionnaire based on a modified technology acceptance model (TAM). The gathered data was analyzed using SmartPLS 3 software. The results revealed that different factors predict students’ perceptions about Grammarly and their intention to use it. Some of these factors were not presupposed. The findings imply using Grammarly as an extra learning tool rather than a basic one. It is suggested that future research on the efficacy of Grammarly should adopt longitudinal and experimental approaches.

Effects of Real-Time Feedback Methods on Static Balance Training in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of real-time feedback methods on static balance training in stroke patients. There are two types of real-time feedback methods, as follows: one is Knowledge of Result (KR), and the other is Knowledge of Performance (KP). Thirty stroke patients participated in this study and were randomly assigned to the KR group (n = 15) or the KP group (n = 15). All of the groups underwent real-time feedback training for four weeks (30 min per session, five sessions per week). The primary outcomes were sway length, sway velocity, and area 95%, which were assessed before and after the intervention. The secondary outcomes included the Berg Balance Scale, the Fugl Meyer Assessment for Lower Extremity, the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Trunk Impairment Scale, and the Fall Efficacy Scale. A group × time interaction was assessed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. There was a significant increase over time in all outcomes (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed for a group × time interaction in sway length and area 95% (p < 0.05). Real-time feedback training for static balance enhanced stroke patients' static balance abilities, clinical outcome assessments, and promoted self-efficacy against falls.

강의계획서에 기반한 의과대학 교육과정 분석

This study aims to analyze the syllabi of all courses in the A Medical School curriculum, including basic medicine, preclinical, clinical practice, medical humanities and social sciences, and student research programs. The purpose is to evaluate the appropriateness of each component and utilize the results as a basis for curriculum improvement. The main research findings are as follows. First, the curriculum objectives present clinical competence, competence as a medical scientist and educator, and competence as a professional and leader in order to achieve the graduation outcomes of the medical school. However, there are not many courses dealing with professional and leadership competencies in the basic medicine and preclinical education courses, so they need to be strengthened through curriculum improvement. Second, various teaching methods such as lectures, PBL, practice, discussion, and presentation are utilized. Appropriate teaching methods are used according to the characteristics of each course. Third, student assessment is conducted through written exams, assignments, practice, and learning attitude to evaluate knowledge, skills, and attitude. Written exams, learning attitude, and attendance are mostly included in all courses. Fourth, feedback is an essential element of competency-based education. A Medical School plans feedback for each course, and the feedback plan was more than 80%. When feedback was planned as a group, it mainly consisted of quizzes and problem solving, and the proportion of individual feedback was high in the clinical practice and student research courses. Although most courses have feedback plans, it is necessary to specify the timing and method of feedback. Through the results of the study, it was confirmed that the A Medical School curriculum has a foundation for competency-based education, but some courses need improvement. It is expected that the quality of medical education will be improved if the syllabi are appropriately established and implemented in the future.

Peace Linguistics in the Academic Community Through the Lens of English Language Teachers: A Multiple Case Study

This qualitative multiple case study delves into the English Language Teachers’ integration and assessment of peace linguistics in various pedagogical practices, focusing on the exploration of both violent and nonviolent terminologies expressed by students in classroom setting. Data collection involved in-depth interviews with five ELTs, triangulated to two additional teachers and five students. The data were thematically analyzed, revealing five essential themes for violent and nonviolent phraseologies and terminologies expressed by students such as: Moralistic Judgement expressions, cultural and religious expressions, positive and encouraging language, promotion of peaceful communication and teamwork, and the use of courteous language. Second, it uncovers five emergent themes in the incorporation of peace linguistics: promoting inclusive and peaceful language, cultivating a culture of peace through interactive pedagogy, incorporating culturally inclusive teaching materials, sustaining peace linguistics across the subject, collaborating efforts with peer teachers or experts. Third, it highlights four essential themes in gauging success in ELTS pedagogy: assessment of peaceful efficacy, peace pedagogy feedback methods, changes in students' behavior positively, and engagement in peace awareness professional development opportunities. The cases imply both similarities and differences in how ELTs incorporate peace linguistics into their classes and gauge their success, despite encountering both violent and nonviolent expressions among students.

Meaning and Function of Homework in Elementary School, its Effect on Student Achievement, Teachers’ Feedback Methods, and Parental Involvement

This research was conducted to examine the opinions of elementary school students, teachers, and parents about the meaning and function of homework, its effect on student achievement, teachers’ feedback methods, and parental involvement in homework. A phenomenological approach was employed in the study. Participants of the study consisted of 10 students at an elementary school in the Akçakale district of Şanlıurfa province, 10 teachers working at the same school during the 2021-2022 academic year, and 10 parents. Teachers, students, and parents participated in the study voluntarily. Data were collected through interviews. The interviews were recorded with the permission of the participants. After the audio recordings were transcribed, they were analyzed through content analysis. The findings of the analysis were presented in tables, and some of the participants' statements were quoted. Based on the findings, it was found that students had positive and negative feelings about homework, teachers, and parents built a positive relationship between homework and academic achievement, teachers' feedback methods were generally inadequate, and parents were sensitive about parental involvement in homework. Regarding these results, some suggestions for practice and research were developed.

The Conceptual Framework for 360 Degree Feedback: Objectives, Requirements, and Conditions for Success

360-degree feedback is the process of collecting and measuring co-worker feedback from multiple sources. The descriptive objectives of this study to discussed the conceptual framework of the 360-degree feedback method, which is part of an extensive study conducted by the researcher. Objectives: presenting the concept of the feedback method, defining the objectives of the method, discussing the reasons for use, the advantages and disadvantages of the method, application requirements, and finally the conditions for the success of the feedback (360) degrees. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and the method of collecting quantitative. The results showed that the objectives of the method are useful for work and career development, including self-development, leadership development, management and implementation development, identifying the training needs of employees, reducing traditional performance appraisal errors, and introducing the individual to his or her level of performance. As for the reasons that led to the use of the method, they are: the transformation of companies from hierarchical organization to horizontal organization, widening the scope of supervision, obtaining broader points of view, improving the school climate based on justice. Among the advantages are for revealing the gap between the individual's perspective in evaluating his or her performance, and the perspective of others for this performance, building training programs for employees, enhancing the orientation towards teamwork and exchanging experiences, helping to make decisions related to promotion and wage increase. As for the defects, they included: the possibility of being affected by various biases, such as the halo effect, the recency bias, the indulgence bias, in addition to the employees' reluctance to provide negative feedback even if it was honest, the delay in the feedback process, and low participation rates. The errors were limited to (13) errors that may occur when using this method. As for the requirements, they included: defining objectives, defining target individuals. Determine the method of analyzing the information, carrying out an awareness and communication campaign, and following up the implementation accurately. Among the conditions for the success of the assessment: that the feedback is done honestly in the light of specific objectives, adopt impartiality, objectivity, scientific and professional properly. Focus on the performance, not the person. Taking into account the feelings of workers when providing negative feedback. It should be comprehensive and provide positive and negative feedback. Share external sources.

Robotic-Assisted Ankle Rehabilitation Utilizing Electrical Stimulation and Virtual Reality Training Paradigms

This study investigates the ankle rehabilitation systems in great detail, including technical features, clinical considerations, patient-related factors, and economic factors. Using a parameterized method, different parameters were tested to find out how well, efficiently, and easily these systems could be used. It was looked at how technological features like robotic configuration, sensory feedback, and control methods can be used to make rehabilitation more personalized. To make sure the best results for patients, clinical considerations focused on practices based on evidence, safety features, and integration with clinical workflows. To look at the human-centered parts of ankle rehabilitation, things like user experience, adherence, and result measures were looked at. To find out if putting ankle rehabilitation systems into healthcare situations would be financially viable, economic factors like cost-effectiveness, reimbursement, and return on investment were looked at. Numbers were added to give quantitative information about each parameter, which made it easier to do a thorough review of ankle rehabilitation systems. Overall, this study gives important information to doctors, hospital managers, and others involved in improving the outcomes of ankle-related patients by choosing the best rehabilitation programs and making sure they are carried out properly.

Hopf bifurcation control of a modified continuum traffic flow model

The stability of the transportation system refers to the structural stability of the system. When the system structure is unstable, local or global bifurcation phenomena will occur, which is one of the main reasons for nonlinear traffic phenomena such as congestion. To truly understand the internal mechanism of the formation of these phenomena, it is necessary to analyze the bifurcation of traffic flow. In this paper, the Hopf bifurcation control of a modified viscous macroscopic traffic flow model is studied by using the linear state feedback method, which changes the characteristics of the bifurcation phenomenon of the dynamic system and obtains the required dynamic behavior of the system. First, we can convert the original traffic model into the nonlinear ordinary differential form suitable for bifurcation analysis, solve the equilibrium point of the system, and carry out phase plane analysis. Then, the linear state feedback term is added and the corresponding controlled system is generated, the existence and type of Hopf bifurcation and the existence of saddle node bifurcation are proved. Numerical simulation results show that the analysis and control of Hopf bifurcation in the traffic model are well realized in this paper.

An Association Rule Mining-Based Method for Revealing the Impact of Operational Sequence on Nuclear Power Plants Operating

The operations of the operators are important for nuclear safety, but conventional operating experience feedback and common data-driven methods make it difficult to explicitly find valuable information hidden in these operational sequences that can help the operator to provide advice at the operational level. During the nuclear power plant (NPP) operation, a large amount of historical operating data is accumulated, which records the operational sequences of the operators and the state parameters of equipment. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of association rule techniques to mine the NPP operating data to discover the operational characteristics of operators and reveal their possible impact on the NPP operation. This work helps to improve the operational performance of operators and prevent human-factor events. To this end, the concept of state switching values for describing the operating states of NPPs is proposed to enable the proposed method to be adapted to different practical application scenarios. A sequence segmentation method is proposed to be able to transform historical NPP operating data into a sequence data set for association rule mining. Furthermore, an ensemble algorithm based on sequence pattern mining and sequence rule mining and its postprocessing method are designed. The empirical study was carried out using 20 batches of historical operating data of the cold start-up. A total of 164 original association rules are generated using the proposed method and were analyzed by experts. The recommendations were made for 4 different cases that would improve the operational performance of the operators.

From theory to practice: Examining evidence-based approaches in youth sport coaches in Singapore

Although evidence-based practice (EBP) is considered the ideal approach for achieving optimal outcomes for sport science practitioners, coaches and athletes, significant concerns impede its adoption. This study examines (1) the implementation of, (2) sources to gather evidence-based knowledge and (3) barriers to EBP from youth coaches’ perspectives within Singapore. Fifty-three coaches (M age = 33.1 years, SD = 8.1) completed a 22-question survey through purposive sampling. Questions regarding the implementation of EBP showed that the top 3 research areas used were ‘Strength and conditioning/fitness’ (72%), ‘Skill development’ and ‘Mental training and preparation’ (both 57%); coaches relied on their personal experience more than scientific evidence (mean = 55.7 AU, SD = 1.5) when designing performance/training programmes. The top 3 preferred sources to gather evidence-based knowledge were ‘Websites/podcasts/forums’, ‘Practitioners within their sport’ and ‘Social media’. The top 3 preferred feedback methods from practitioners were ‘Informal conversations/speaking’, ‘Scheduled meetings’ and ‘Shared access of database/cloud-based software’. The top 3 qualities/attributes of practitioners preferred were those with ‘Excellent knowledge of the sport/game’, ‘Years of experience as practitioner’ and ‘Strong communication skills’. More than half of the coaches wished to receive more information regarding ‘Mental training and preparation’ (62%) and ‘Training load monitoring’ (53%). Lastly, the key barriers to EBP were ‘Non-applicable or irrelevant research reported’ (38%), ‘Inability to translate information to applied sporting context’ and ‘Time’ (both 34%). With these findings, practitioners can explore working with coaches on EBP to yield effective and sustainable outcomes.